Research- Andrew Goodwin's Theory

Andrew Goodwin's theory is that traditional narrative analyses do not apply to pop videos. He feels that:

1) Pop videos are built around songs- no traditional narrative structure
2) The pop video uses the singer both as the narrator and character
3) The singer often looks directly at the camera

Illustration: This is shown when the music video tells a story through the lyrics. In Beyonce's 'Run the World' Video we can clearly see a army of girls taking over which fits with her lyrics as she is singing about girls running the world. Good example of 'Illustration'


Amplification: This occurs when the videos introduce new meanings that do not contradict with the lyrics but add layers of meaning. This music video by Kanye West 'Stonger' shows great example of that.


Disjuncture: This is where there is little connection between the lyric and video or where the video contradicts the lyric. Michael Jacksons 'Man in the mirror' is a great example of this as the song is about realisation but the video if full of racial events.